Journal:

Article Title: A Chemically Modified Tetracycline (CMT-3) Is a New Antifungal Agent

doi: 10.1128/AAC.46.5.1447-1454.2002

Figure Lengend Snippet: MICs of CMT-3 and AMB

Article Snippet: Among these fungi, 11 strains were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, Va.) and included Candida parapsilosis (ATCC 22019), Candida tropicalis (ATCC 750), Candida krusei (ATCC 6258), Paecilomyces variotii (ATCC 22319), Trichophyton rubrum (ATCC 10218), Cryptococcus albidus (ATCC 34140), Aspergillus fumigatus (ATCC 1022), and Candida albicans (ATCC 24433, ATCC 76615, ATCC 18804, and ATCC 90028).

Techniques:

Journal:

Article Title: A Chemically Modified Tetracycline (CMT-3) Is a New Antifungal Agent

doi: 10.1128/AAC.46.5.1447-1454.2002

Figure Lengend Snippet: Inhibition of fungal viability by CMT-3 and AMB

Article Snippet: Among these fungi, 11 strains were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, Va.) and included Candida parapsilosis (ATCC 22019), Candida tropicalis (ATCC 750), Candida krusei (ATCC 6258), Paecilomyces variotii (ATCC 22319), Trichophyton rubrum (ATCC 10218), Cryptococcus albidus (ATCC 34140), Aspergillus fumigatus (ATCC 1022), and Candida albicans (ATCC 24433, ATCC 76615, ATCC 18804, and ATCC 90028).

Techniques: Inhibition, Control

Journal: Pharmaceuticals

Article Title: Synergistic Effect of Combination of a Temoporfin-Based Photodynamic Therapy with Potassium Iodide or Antibacterial Agents on Oral Disease Pathogens In Vitro

doi: 10.3390/ph15040488

Figure Lengend Snippet: The MIC/MBC of the oral pathogens after temoporfin and the combination of 1 mg/mL KI treatment under normoxic and hypoxic conditions.

Article Snippet: A. actinomycetemcomitans (ATCC 33384), S. mutans (ATCC 25175), E. faecalis (BCRC 10789), L. acidophilus (BCRC 10695), L. paracasei (BCRC 16093), S. aureus (ATCC 25923), and MRSA (ATCC 43300) were used in this study.

Techniques: Bacteria

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Antimicrobial effects and mechanisms of hydrogen sulphide against nail pathogens

doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-22062-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of H 2 S exposure time and concentration against T. rubrum . Agar plates were inoculated with 3 spots of T. rubrum ATCC 28,188, incubated in airtight boxes for 1, 3, 6, and 24 h, in the presence of different concentrations of H 2 S, followed by a further incubation without H 2 S for a further 7 days. The concentrations H 2 S indicated are those which would be achieved if all available sulphide is released as gaseous H 2 S.

Article Snippet: Fig. 4 H 2 S inhibits the germination of T. rubrum conidia. ( A ) T. rubrum ATCC 28,188 without (top panel) or exposed to NaHS in RPMI-GM medium (pH 5) for 24 h, at a sulphide concentration that is equivalent to 3.4 μg/mL of H 2 S. This was followed by staining with the LIVE/DEAD BacLight stain and fluorescence microscopy. ( B ) Flow cytometry analysis of T. rubrum ATCC 28,188 conidia exposed to different concentrations of H 2 S in RPMI-GM (pH 5) for 0–18 h. Conidia were identified and delimited on the scatterplot (granularity [SSC-A] vs. blue fluorescence [Calcofluor white; DAPI-A filter]) at the top right corner.

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Incubation

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Antimicrobial effects and mechanisms of hydrogen sulphide against nail pathogens

doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-22062-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: The effect of pre-incubation of T. rubrum conidia on the MIC of gaseous H 2 S. T. rubrum ATCC 28,188 conidia were deposited on SDA plates and then incubated at 30 °C for 0–12 h, followed by incubation for 4 days in an airtight box containing different concentrations of H 2 S, to determine the MIC g_max ( A ). The plates were removed from the box and incubated for a further 3 days to determine the MFC g_max ( B ).

Article Snippet: Fig. 4 H 2 S inhibits the germination of T. rubrum conidia. ( A ) T. rubrum ATCC 28,188 without (top panel) or exposed to NaHS in RPMI-GM medium (pH 5) for 24 h, at a sulphide concentration that is equivalent to 3.4 μg/mL of H 2 S. This was followed by staining with the LIVE/DEAD BacLight stain and fluorescence microscopy. ( B ) Flow cytometry analysis of T. rubrum ATCC 28,188 conidia exposed to different concentrations of H 2 S in RPMI-GM (pH 5) for 0–18 h. Conidia were identified and delimited on the scatterplot (granularity [SSC-A] vs. blue fluorescence [Calcofluor white; DAPI-A filter]) at the top right corner.

Techniques: Incubation

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Antimicrobial effects and mechanisms of hydrogen sulphide against nail pathogens

doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-22062-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: H 2 S inhibits the germination of T. rubrum conidia. ( A ) T. rubrum ATCC 28,188 without (top panel) or exposed to NaHS in RPMI-GM medium (pH 5) for 24 h, at a sulphide concentration that is equivalent to 3.4 µg/mL of H 2 S. This was followed by staining with the LIVE/DEAD BacLight stain and fluorescence microscopy. ( B ) Flow cytometry analysis of T. rubrum ATCC 28,188 conidia exposed to different concentrations of H 2 S in RPMI-GM (pH 5) for 0–18 h. Conidia were identified and delimited on the scatterplot (granularity [SSC-A] vs. blue fluorescence [Calcofluor white; DAPI-A filter]) at the top right corner. Histogram plots show only events from the conidia gate in the scatterplot.

Article Snippet: Fig. 4 H 2 S inhibits the germination of T. rubrum conidia. ( A ) T. rubrum ATCC 28,188 without (top panel) or exposed to NaHS in RPMI-GM medium (pH 5) for 24 h, at a sulphide concentration that is equivalent to 3.4 μg/mL of H 2 S. This was followed by staining with the LIVE/DEAD BacLight stain and fluorescence microscopy. ( B ) Flow cytometry analysis of T. rubrum ATCC 28,188 conidia exposed to different concentrations of H 2 S in RPMI-GM (pH 5) for 0–18 h. Conidia were identified and delimited on the scatterplot (granularity [SSC-A] vs. blue fluorescence [Calcofluor white; DAPI-A filter]) at the top right corner.

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Staining, Fluorescence, Microscopy, Flow Cytometry

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Antimicrobial effects and mechanisms of hydrogen sulphide against nail pathogens

doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-22062-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: Mechanism of action of H 2 S. ( A ) CLSM images of 12 h pre-incubated T. rubrum ATCC 28,188 exposed to NaHS in RPMI-GM medium (pH 5) for 2 h, at a sulphide concentration that is equivalent to 3.4 µg/mL of H 2 S. The samples were stained with Calcofluor white and DCHF-DA. ( B ) 60 µg/mL of the antioxidants N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and reduced glutathione (GSSH) counteract the effect of H 2 S on T. rubrum . ( C ) Effect of H 2 S on cytochrome c oxidase activity in isolated mitochondria from T. rubrum . Statistical analysis was done by a One-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparison test (** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001, n = 3). ( D ) 5-IAF labelling of proteins from T. rubrum conidia, separated by SDS-PAGE. (Left) Coomassie brilliant blue stain of the gel showing molecular weight marker bands (in kDa) and protein extracts from samples that were untreated ( −) or treated with NaHS ( +) for 3 h. (Right) 5-IAF labelled proteins.

Article Snippet: Fig. 4 H 2 S inhibits the germination of T. rubrum conidia. ( A ) T. rubrum ATCC 28,188 without (top panel) or exposed to NaHS in RPMI-GM medium (pH 5) for 24 h, at a sulphide concentration that is equivalent to 3.4 μg/mL of H 2 S. This was followed by staining with the LIVE/DEAD BacLight stain and fluorescence microscopy. ( B ) Flow cytometry analysis of T. rubrum ATCC 28,188 conidia exposed to different concentrations of H 2 S in RPMI-GM (pH 5) for 0–18 h. Conidia were identified and delimited on the scatterplot (granularity [SSC-A] vs. blue fluorescence [Calcofluor white; DAPI-A filter]) at the top right corner.

Techniques: Incubation, Concentration Assay, Staining, Activity Assay, Isolation, Comparison, SDS Page, Molecular Weight, Marker

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: Incorporation of Nonyl 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoate Into Nanostructured Lipid Systems: Effective Alternative for Maintaining Anti-Dermatophytic and Antibiofilm Activities and Reducing Toxicity at High Concentrations

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01154

Figure Lengend Snippet: Electromicrographs of Trichophyton rubrum ATCC 28189 mature biofilms untreated (A–C) and treated with nonyl incorporated into the lipid nanosystem at a dose of 500 mg/L (D–F) . The incorporated nonyl caused an extravasation of cytoplasmic content resulting in collapse of the walls of the hyphae.

Article Snippet: The T. rubrum strain ATCC MYA-4438 was used as a test quality control.

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: Incorporation of Nonyl 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoate Into Nanostructured Lipid Systems: Effective Alternative for Maintaining Anti-Dermatophytic and Antibiofilm Activities and Reducing Toxicity at High Concentrations

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01154

Figure Lengend Snippet: Values of colony-forming units per mL (CFU/mL) recovered from mature biofilms formed by the strains of T. rubrum ATCC 28189 and Trichophyton mentagrophytes ATCC 11481 treated with nonyl incorporated into the nanostructured lipid system (NLS). The treatment significantly reduced the colony-forming units when compared to the control without treatment (*** p < 0.0001).

Article Snippet: The T. rubrum strain ATCC MYA-4438 was used as a test quality control.

Techniques: Control

Journal: Journal of Medical Microbiology

Article Title: Dose escalation studies with caspofungin against Candida glabrata

doi: 10.1099/jmm.0.000116

Figure Lengend Snippet: MICs of caspofungin in RPMI 1640 and 50 % serum

Article Snippet: The caspofungin killing rates for clinical isolates 11900, 18910, 9098 and the ATCC strain were paradoxically higher at 0.25 and 1 mg l − 1 than at 16 and 32 mg l − 1 ( P < 0.05–0.001) ( ).

Techniques:

Journal: Journal of Medical Microbiology

Article Title: Dose escalation studies with caspofungin against Candida glabrata

doi: 10.1099/jmm.0.000116

Figure Lengend Snippet: Maximum changes in log c.f.u. ml − 1 compared with the starting inoculum in time–kill studies in RPMI 1640 and 50 % serum

Article Snippet: The caspofungin killing rates for clinical isolates 11900, 18910, 9098 and the ATCC strain were paradoxically higher at 0.25 and 1 mg l − 1 than at 16 and 32 mg l − 1 ( P < 0.05–0.001) ( ).

Techniques: Concentration Assay

Journal: Journal of Medical Microbiology

Article Title: Dose escalation studies with caspofungin against Candida glabrata

doi: 10.1099/jmm.0.000116

Figure Lengend Snippet: Time to reach 99.9 % growth reduction ( T 99.9 ) from the starting inoculum at different caspofungin concentrations (mg l − 1 ) in RPMI 1640 and 50 % serum

Article Snippet: The caspofungin killing rates for clinical isolates 11900, 18910, 9098 and the ATCC strain were paradoxically higher at 0.25 and 1 mg l − 1 than at 16 and 32 mg l − 1 ( P < 0.05–0.001) ( ).

Techniques: